Πώς να επενδύσετε σε μετοχές στην Ελλάδα — Διαδικτυακός οδηγός για αρχάριους

Are you living in Greece and looking for financial advice on how to invest in stocks for the first time?

In this beginner’s guide, we will give you all the advice you need on how to invest in stocks in Greece. We’ll discuss how to choose a licensed and regulated stock broker, what fees you should expect to pay, how to place your first stock trading order, and finally, we’ll give you tips on picking the right stocks.

INVEST IN STOCKS

Your capital is at risk. Other charges apply. For more information, visit etoro.com/trading/fees.

How to invest in stocks — Choose the right broker

Προκειμένου να αγοράσετε μετοχές, πρέπει να επιλέξετε έναν κορυφαίο χρηματομεσίτη μετοχών. Για να σας βοηθήσουμε να βγάλετε άκρη, σας παραθέτουμε παρακάτω τους καλύτερους μεσίτες στην Ελλάδα, με πλήρη ανάλυση των τελών και των χαρακτηριστικών τους. Μπορείτε ακόμη να εισάγετε το ποσό που σκοπεύετε να επενδύσετε και το πλήθος των συναλλαγών για να υπολογίσετε το κόστος που θα επωμιστείτε σε κάθε χρηματομεσίτη!

How to invest in stocks (πώς να επενδύσετε σε μετοχές) — Αναλυτικός οδηγός 2024

Αυτός ο αναλυτικός για το πώς να αγοράσετε μετοχές βασίζεται στον προτεινόμενό μας, εποπτευόμενο χρηματομεσίτη eToro, αν και η διαδικασία είναι παρόμοια στους περισσότερους χρηματιστές. Μπορείτε να εγγραφείτε χρησιμοποιώντας την παρακάτω φόρμα, αφού διαβάσετε όλες τις πληροφορίες σε αυτήν τη σελίδα.

Μάθετε τα βασικά για την αγορά μετοχών στην Ελλάδα

Για να ολοκληρώσουμε την επενδυτική διαδικασία, θα πρέπει απλώς να πατήσουμε στην ένδειξη «OPEN TRADE». Μέσα σε λίγα δευτερόλεπτα η εντολή μας θα εκτελεστεί, πράγμα που σημαίνει ότι μόλις αγοράσαμε μετοχές της BP χωρίς προμήθεια. Αυτό ήταν — τώρα έχετε μάθει πώς να επενδύετε σε μετοχές, ακολουθώντας μόνο τέσσερα απλά βήματα!

Χάρη στον τρόπο με τον οποίο λειτουργεί σήμερα η διαπραγμάτευση μετοχών στην Ελλάδα, μπορείτε να αγοράσετε χιλιάδες παγκόσμιες μετοχές με το πάτημα ενός κουμπιού. Το μόνο που χρειάζεστε είναι ένας λογαριασμός σε έναν αξιόπιστο διαδικτυακό χρηματιστή.

Το καλό είναι ότι καθώς σήμερα δραστηριοποιούνται στην Ελλάδα εκατοντάδες χρηματιστές που σας διεκδικούν για πελάτη τους, τα τέλη και οι προμήθειες δεν ήταν ποτέ τόσο ανταγωνιστικά.  Στην πραγματικότητα, υπάρχουν ακόμη και πλατφόρμες διαπραγμάτευσης μετοχών στην Ελλάδα που σας επιτρέπουν να αγοράζετε μετοχές χωρίς να πληρώνετε καθόλου έξοδα συναλλαγών.

Ωστόσο, εκτός από το να μάθετε το how to invest in stocks (πώς να επενδύσετε σε μετοχές) στην Ελλάδα, είναι επίσης πολύ σημαντικό να μάθετε βασικά πράγματα για τη λειτουργία των μετοχών, το επενδυτικό ταξίδι και τους οποιουσδήποτε φορολογικούς κανόνες έναντι φορολογικών ελαφρύνσεων. Εφόσον εξοικειωθείτε με τις βασικές αρχές, θα έχετε καλύτερες πιθανότητες να αποφύγετε λάθη που θα σας κοστίσουν. Κορυφαία συμβουλή για τις μετοχές: αφότου αγοράσετε μετοχές σε μια εταιρεία, πρέπει να σας στείλουν ένα πιστοποιητικό μετοχής εντός δύο μηνών.

Τι είναι οι μετοχές?

Όταν μια εταιρεία αποφασίσει να βγάλει μετοχές, αυτό σημαίνει ότι θα εισαχθεί στο χρηματιστήριο. Αυτό είναι κάτι που επιτρέπει στους επενδυτές να αγοράζουν «μερίδια» της επιχείρησης. Όπως υποδηλώνει το όνομα, θα κατέχετε ένα «μερίδιο» της εταιρείας στην οποία επενδύετε — ανάλογα με τον αριθμό των μετοχών που κατέχετε.

Η αξία των μετοχών καθορίζεται από τις δυνάμεις της αγοράς. Με άλλα λόγια, εάν υπάρχουν περισσότεροι αγοραστές από πωλητές στην αγορά, η τιμή της μετοχής θα αυξηθεί. Κατά συνέπεια, θα αυξηθεί και η αξία της επένδυσής σας.

Εάν οι πωλητές είναι περισσότεροι από τους αγοραστές, θα συμβεί το αντίθετο — η αξία των μετοχών σας θα μειωθεί. Ως μέτοχος μιας εταιρείας, θα δικαιούστε μια σειρά από προνόμια.

Πώληση μετοχών

The most important are the right to dividends and the ability to vote at the annual general meetings (AGM). You can sell shares at any time during market hours. The amount you will get back in cash is calculated based on the number of shares you own and the company’s current share price. We recommend that you bookmark the Stock Terminology page while buying your first stock.

How much money can you make from investing in stocks?

If you want to calculate how much money you can potentially make by investing in shares in Greece, try our handy investment calculator. Remember that based on historical data, stocks tend to return 6%-7% annually.

How to make money from stocks :

This can be achieved in three ways – capital gains, dividends and compounding growth.

1. Capital gains

If the value of your shares is higher than the price you originally paid, you have ‘capital gains’.

For example:

• Let’s say you buy 1,000 BP shares at 350p per share.
• This means your total investment is £3,500.
• Five years later, BP shares are valued at 450p per share.
• You are happy with your profits and decide to sell the shares.
• You made 100p per share (450p-350p), which for 1,000 shares equates to a profit of £1,000.

This £1,000 gain is your capital gains.

2. Dividends

You will also have the opportunity to earn money from the shares in the form of dividend payments. In their most basic form, dividends allow large companies to share profits with shareholders.

If and when they do, you will be entitled to your share of the proceeds. The specific dividend income you receive varies depending on how well the company is doing. Not all stocks pay dividends, but if they do, they are usually distributed every 3 or 6 months.

Let’s see how stock dividends work:

• Let’s say you have 500 shares in HSBC.
• The company pays dividends every three months.
• This time, HSBC is announcing a dividend yield of 7%.
• This works out to £0.28 per share.
• You own 500 shares, so you will receive a total of £140 (£0.28 x 500 shares).

The good thing about dividends is that you get them out of your capital gains. In an ideal world, you’d be investing in stocks that are growing in value while also paying regular dividend payments!

Bearing in mind that past returns are never an indication of future results, below is the average annual return of the FTSE 100 for each of the past 25 years.

If you wanted to mirror these returns, you would need to invest in an ETF or fund that tracks the FTSE 100.

3. Compound interest

Rather than simply cashing out their capital gains or waiting for dividend income, many investors reinvest an asset’s earnings to generate more earnings over time. This is called compound interest. By holding a stock for a long time and continually reinvesting capital gains, you can achieve a compounding effect and earn profits on top of your profits.

Let’s look at an example of how compounding works:

• You invest £100 a month in an asset that returns 6%.
• If you do this for 10 years, you will have invested £13,200 and have £18,915.
• If you do this for 20 years, you will have invested £25,200 and have £50,640.
• If you do this for 40 years, you will have invested £49,200 and have £209,201.

The reason your investment grows this way is because you earn the profits you reinvest alongside the profits from your original investment. This means that each year you earn more interest on both your initial investment and your cumulative earnings.

Compounding requires patience as the initial gains are small, but in the long run it can be highly profitable. Of course, you have to factor in stock fluctuations, inflation and fees, but if done right, it can be one of the best ways to grow your money through stocks.

What to consider before buying shares in a company

Although stock markets have historically performed well, this is not the case for all companies. In contrast, many businesses – both in Greece and abroad, are now worth only a fraction of their previous all-time highs. This is particularly the case in the UK banking space, with banks such as HSBC and Natwest not fully recovered from the 2008 financial crisis.

With that in mind, below are some useful stock tips to help you mitigate your risks when investing in Greek stocks for the first time.

Tip 1: Diversify as much as you can

In short, diversification is simply the opposite of putting all your eggs in one basket. That is, instead of investing in one or two companies, to have a diversified portfolio you would invest in dozens, if not hundreds of different stocks. Not only that, but you would be investing in businesses from various sectors, thereby ensuring that you are not over-exposed to a single sector. For example, let’s say you have £5,000 to invest in the stock markets.

• A novice investor can use the entire £5,000 to invest in a single company.
• The smart investor would probably buy shares in 100 different companies at £50 each. It would cover many areas, too.

Tip 2: Start with low stakes

If you have never dealt with investing in shares in Greece before, it may be better to start with low stakes. On the one hand, most regulated brokers in Greece ask for a minimum investment of around £100-200. On the other hand, you are not obliged to use the entire balance in a single transaction.

In contrast, platforms like eToro allow a minimum stock investment of $50. So by starting with small amounts, you will be able to gain confidence without blowing the bank.

Tip 3: Learn how to research stocks

When you learn how to invest in stocks, it’s also important to learn how to research stocks. By this, we don’t mean something overly complicated like technical analysis or chart reading. Instead, simply make sure you are aware of any critical market developments that may affect the value of your investment.

• For example, let’s say you have £3,000 invested in Royal Mail.
• If Royal Mail announces plans to cut hundreds of jobs, how do you think this will affect the share price?
• Without a doubt, negative news like this will likely lead to massive selling by shareholders.
• Consequently, the value of the shares will decrease.
• But if you sell the shares as soon as the news breaks, you’ll have the best chance of minimizing your losses and getting as much money back as possible.

As an additional tip, it may be worth subscribing to news alerts on a third-party platform. For example, the Yahoo! Finance allows you to add the companies you’ve invested in to its portfolio, and then you can choose to receive real-time news when a relevant development occurs. For more information and advice on selling stocks, see our guide to the best stocks to invest.

Below you can see some examples of popular stock analysis methods:

• Price-to-earnings ratio : the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio examines the correlation between a company’s earnings and that of its share price. This allows investors to determine whether stocks are undervalued or overvalued. You just need to divide the current stock price by the company’s earnings per share and you will come up with a ratio. Although there are many other variables to consider, the major US stock markets average price-to-earnings between 13-15.
• Debt-to-equity ratio: The debt-to-equity ratio looks at how much debt a company has relative to its equity capital. Simply put, this lets you know if the company is over-indebted. From the calculation you will find a coefficient between 0 and 1 — the higher the number, the more debt it has (relative to the size of its equity). When using the debt-to-equity ratio, you should assess the type of industry the company operates in, as it is widely accepted that some sectors have more debt than others (such as construction companies) but this does not necessarily indicate insolvency.

There are many other methods of fundamental analysis that experienced investors use. You can read more about how to pick stocks yourself, here.

Tip 4: Consider a copy trading portfolio

If you have little or no knowledge of how stocks work, it may be worth considering the merits of a copy trading portfolio. Beginner-friendly platforms like eToro allow you to mirror the trades of experienced investors.

This includes not only their current portfolio but every subsequent investment. The best thing is that you can review the credentials of the investor before you invest money. Copy trading essentially allows you to invest in stocks without doing any preliminary work, which is why it is very popular with new investors.

How to choose a broker in Greece to invest in shares

Now, you know how to invest in stocks, but do you have a reliable broker that meets your investment preferences? There are many brokers and they all differ in terms of assets to trade, fees and features, so you should spend some time researching different platforms before signing up with one.

Some of the most important factors to look out for are:

Supervision by the Financial Conduct Authority

The first and most important factor to consider before signing up with a stockbroker is whether or not they are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) or some other regulatory authority such as CySEC, ASIC etc. Thanks to this you will be sure that you will be able to buy and sell shares in a safe environment.

For example:

• All brokers are required to complete a lengthy application process before they can legally accept traders from Greece.
• The platform has its books audited by the FCA on a quarterly basis.
• All client funds must be held in segregated bank accounts. This is a critical safeguard as it means the broker cannot use your invested funds to cover their own working capital.
• Segregated bank accounts also mean that if the broker runs into financial trouble, your money is ‘entrenched’.

In general, never join a stock trading platform if it is not regulated!

Greek payment methods

Once you’ve assessed the broker’s regulatory environment, you should then look at what payment methods they accept. In the vast majority of cases, stock trading platforms in Greece accept debit/credit card and bank transfer. The latter is more suitable for larger deposits of over £10,000.

Depending on the broker, it can take 1 to 3 business days for the funds to reach your account if you deposit via bank transfer, but if you make a direct bank transfer, they can be credited in two hours.

What stocks can you buy in Greece?

As we noted earlier, there are tens of thousands listed on dozens of exchanges. The specific markets you will have access to will depend on the broker you sign up with. For example, with eToro you will be able to buy and sell over 10,000 different companies.

This includes businesses listed on:

• London Stock Exchange (UK)
• Alternative Investment Market (UK)
• NASDAQ (USA)
• New York Stock Exchange (USA)
• Tokyo Stock Exchange (Japan)
• Hong Kong Stock Exchange (Hong Kong)
• And much, much more!

It is best to choose a broker that covers both the Greek and international markets, as this will give you the best possible opportunity to diversify your risk. eToro, for example, offers you stocks to invest on 17 different exchanges.

Fees and commissions

There are a number of fees and charges to consider when looking for a broker, including trading fees, annual account fees and withdrawal fees.

The good news is that some share trading platforms in Greece allow you to buy shares without paying trading fees or annual fees. Instead, they make money from the spread or a one-time conversion fee when you make your first deposit (eToro, for example, charges 0.5%).

Where to buy stocks — the best stock trading platforms in Greece for 2024

Researching the pros and cons of an online broker can be time-consuming. Below you will find a selection of the best stock trading accounts that meet a number of minimum requirements and can act as investment managers for your stocks. This includes the all-important regulatory approval, support for Greek debit/credit cards and bank accounts, and the ability to buy and sell shares in domestic and international companies.

1. AvaTrade — wide range of stock trading accounts

With AvaTrade, users can access a wide range of different trading platforms and account types. This includes spread betting accounts, options trading, CFD trading and swap-free Islamic accounts on MetaTrader 4 and MetaTrader 5 trading platforms.

On the AvaTrade platform, in addition to trading stock CFDs, you can also access more than 1,250 global markets.

In fact, your trades are 100% commission-free, with a broker regulated in six different jurisdictions!

AvaTrade Fees:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

71% of retail investors lose money when trading CFDs on this site.

2. eToro — Top stock broker in Greece

eToro is one of the stock brokers we recommend as it offers you over 800 different stocks to invest. eToro also absorbs the cost of stamp duty keeping costs even lower, making it one of the most affordable brokers on the market. eToro offers safety and security and is very popular with the millennial generation, which includes novice investors. With a minimum deposit of $50 to get started, opening an account is extremely fast and very easy.

At eToro, you can invest in high-value British stocks such as Tesco, BT and Rolls Royce, as well as the best technology ETFs in Greece such as Amazon, Apple and Tesla. One of the main reasons eToro is on our list is that it allows you to buy and sell stocks without paying trading fees.

If you’re interested in trading stock CFDs—where leverage of up to 1:5 is offered—then you’ll need to pay a small fee, known as a spread. You can learn more about the difference between buying a physical share and trading shares via CFDs here.

When it comes to getting started, you can open a trading account in just a few minutes. The platform allows you to deposit money via Greek debit/credit card, Greek bank account or e-wallet and you will need to cover a minimum amount of $50.

Once your deposit is processed by the broker, it will be converted to USD with a small fee of 0.5%. This allows you to access international markets without having to worry about exchange rates. If you want to deposit more than $2,000, then eToro will ask you to submit identification documents.

The platform supports large investments — up to $40,000 per card transaction and no limit via bank transfer. This would make you eligible for a VIP account manager and give you the opportunity to meet face-to-face with executives at the company’s headquarters in London.

Another perk in eToro is the copy trade feature, which gives you the opportunity to copy successful stock investors and create exactly the same portfolios. For a more detailed overview, read our eToro review.

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Your capital is at risk. Other charges apply. For more information, visit etoro.com/trading/fees.

3. Libertex— Best CFD stock broker with zero spreads

Libertex has a unique trading offer for you, as instead of charging spreads it only charges a small commission on buying and selling! This zero spread policy is amazing and is available for more than 213 global markets.

With Libertex, you can trade CFDs on global stocks, currencies, commodities, cryptocurrencies, indices and more. In fact, it offers stocks to invest in sought-after markets like cannabis stocks, which some brokers still don’t offer.

When trading stocks, the commission ranges from 0% to 0.5%, but with certain types of accounts you can get 50% off and all with zero spreads!

Fees at Libertex:

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Your capital is at risk.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing in shares?

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Frequent questions